The history and the horrors of plastic surgery

The history and the horrors of plastic surgery
From ancient times to the present Museum in London today, the boy kept an Egyptian mummy (2 millennium BC). Nose and ears of the mummies are made of special resin. This fact indicates that the artificial materials used in surgery since ancient times.
But the term "plastic surgery" many people associate with the term "plastic". The word "plastic" derives from the Greek "plastikos," which means "melt" or "mold". In addition, well aware that operations like the modern, yet served for 600 years before our era, when India's dried himself - Gita repair damaged noses.
Particular attention should be given plastic surgery ancient Indian doctors, because even at that time they were able to recover their noses, ears and lips that were lost or maimed in battle or by a court. In this region, the Indian surgery ahead of a European up to the XVIII century, when surgeons of the East - India Company, did not find it humiliating to learn from the Indians the art of rhinoplasty. Further traces of plastic surgery available to the end of the XV century. At this time the Sicilian doctor Anthony Branca used a tissue to hand for repairing damaged ears and lips. In the development of plastic surgery and distinguished Italy. So an Italian named Gaspard Talyakotstsi (1545-1599) is considered to be its modern founder. In 1597 he published a treatise on the work of his life - he restored the damaged nose with tissue fragments from the hand. However, labor Talyakotstsi was convicted of his contemporaries: they considered it illegal operations and to consider them as a crime against nature. A new milestone in the development of plastic surgery began in 1774 when an article was published about the operation performed in the Indian colonies, the nose has been restored by moving from his forehead with a skin graft. Around the same time, there was the term "plastic surgery" came up with the French surgeon Dezolt in 1798. Once in Germany, was published "Handbook of Plastic Surgery" - and it was in 1893 - the term came into circulation. The impetus for the rapid progress that led to the development of modern plastic surgery began, oddly enough, the First World War. When it began, only a few surgeons know how to treat gunshot wounds face. This situation led to the emergence of specialized surgical centers. One of the pioneers of plastic surgery - a Frenchman Moresten - died relatively early in the flu epidemic, so the father of modern plastic surgery consider the English surgeon, who came from New Zealand on behalf of Harold Delf Gillies, who was involved in the development of plastic surgery at Queen Mary Hospital in Sidkap, England . In the early 30's surgeon Joseph published in Berlin guide to plastic surgery. During the Second World War, plastic surgery has evolved from an experimental field in the basic medical specialty. Treated with compound fractures, burns, frostbite and nerve damage that significantly contributed to the rapid development of plastic surgery in the 60s, 70s and 80s of last century. Today this period is called the "Golden Age" of plastic surgery. Developed new methods of treatment, such as correction of severe congenital deformities of the head. During this period, and improved aesthetic operations that make up a significant part of the operations of plastic surgery. Over time, plastic surgery subdivided into: -Restoration and reconstructive (as corrected defects in appearance, caused by congenital defect, congenital malformations, the effects of cancer, as well as natural changes associated with the effects of childbirth and breast-feeding) - Aesthetic (when operations are conducted on healthy tissues exposed to physiological or age-related changes to improve the quality of life by improving the look and feel). In the USSR, plastic surgery have been actively practicing in the second half of the eighties. By the way, already in 1985 about ten percent of visitors were male beauty parlors. This ratio continues to this day.